Knowing the labor law ; Introduction part
In ancient times kings and emperors are not much considered economic equality. The poor people and their generation have worked for the landlords. They always treat labours like slaves. Even they don't deserve to get wages. In contrast landlords, they thought the food and only is sufficient to slaves and workers. Workers can stay in the workplace and working hours or leaves and medical conditions are not acceptable by the landlords. However the conditions, it doesn't matter to them. But, work has been done. This system of workers known as slaves Jones, (1956).
In this period, mostly slaves should work until they die after their generation will work for them. In this situation, slaves who are escaped from their workplace because people cannot persist the working conditions. and they have transformed against the landlords as pirates and revolutionaries. Especially this happened in colonial countries. For example Saint Domingue (Haiti) French revolution.
Starts from 1791, Saint Domingue is mostly contributed to French and United Kingdom's needs of coffee, indigo, and sugar. Saint Domingue and Jamaica were most profitable colonize countries in the era, to keep the profit sustainability French and UK cordially import nearly 80,000 Africans as slavery workers. half of the deceased for malaria and severe starve. In this days leader of French Army Toussaint Louverture in 1791 turned to on behalf of slaves and gathered the people and made a revolution. This was the first beat for capitalism in 1804. (Jim Bradshaw)
Thereafter, the industrial revolution period in 1760 - 1840 labours considered man as machine and authoritarian leadership was influenced and performed in the industrial. Peoples were suffered poverty and disease, they had need money to survived. So, they essential to work more and get to pay. They would feed the entire family with a little amount of money. As a result child labours are raised in that period. People lived in the worst conditions. They lived more than two or three families in one cottage. In the same time, the working condition was horrible, such as; The workplace is fully influenced by steam engines, therefore, labours are compelled to work in a closed smoky environment, very low lighting, lack of safety precautions and labours are wanted to work more than twelve hours even with low pay. (Cynthia Stokes Brown).
The wages for men were paid 1.25 $ per day and women have received half of the men pay and child labours are even worst Botham and Hunt. (1987). Due to the low pay and work side accidents were raised. People were not want to get involve their children into work side accident. Labour unions formed and questioned and demanded by labours for wages and working hours. In 1833 UK government has passed a lawsuit to industries is no child workers under nine years. However, factory owners and coal mines were like to use the child labours, because a small place is sufficient work to and they can go into mines and collect when adults can't, even with less pay Rank, (2019). In the meantime, many of new amendments included to UK law later.
Karl Marx takes to labours in the next stage, he thought no one has the power to another one, everyone is equal. Moreover, he believes the system of labours and wages are completely unfair. This capitalist system was drastically increased affect economic equality. Because factory owners get surplus profit and they had become richest and labours are being poorer and the gap of social classes increased higher. Then he introduces the socialism concept. Ollman, (1968).
Then, Henty Ford, successfully structured the Marxism theory into the industrial world. Industrialized this mass-production system called by Fordism and wages of labours was standardized to sustain their life. Many industries are applied the Fordism. Jessop, (2016)
Ended of slavery era and workforce is called as labors, for this change we had passed centuries of harden life. As well as leadership themes. Autocratic leadership mostly applied in the industrial revolution period and before that period, They had punished and fired for the even minor misconducts.
Later in Max Weber (1864 - 1920) brings a new theory with six fundamentals of 1. Management structure 2. Division of labour 3. Selection process 4. Career orientation 5. Rules 6. Impersonality these are defined the Bureaucratic leadership. These types purely based on the rules and policy. Its also felt certain criteria need to be expanded.
After that, Bavelas,A. and Kurt Lewin (1942) did a framework has influenced many subsequent perspectives on Democratic leadership model. It gives chances to participate the employees to strategic decision making.
Based on the three models, leadership theories are developed and enhanced into the next level. Moreover, enhance models are giving proper benefits to employees. The first labour law formed in 1833 for safeguarded from child labour and working hours.
Further, the labour law is formed under the influence of collective bargaining and "labour-power." now the working peoples are respected by proper wages, safety precautions, and considered mental healthiness. Similarly, social inequality is considerably lower than previously. Trade unions and employee unions are strengthened. Employees bargaining power is high. Labour law strictly adheres the child to compulsory education.
Nowadays social inequality is only based on the working class and wealthiness of people. Working classes have classified by education and professionalism and wealthy is narrated by land, assets, money, and authority in public.
The labour standards are beyond the minimum. Most of the rights are gathered in due of collective bargaining and strikes. Such as working time, leaves, holidays, breaks and discrimination in work place and etc. Later of 19th-century capitalists were understands the importance of labour law and standardization of employees. Nowadays the labour law is customized with human rights. Each people having mutual rights live.
However, still certain inconvenience are practising in the current world, such as- Gender Imbalance, favouritism, unfair dismissals and etc..
Thank you.
References.
In this period, mostly slaves should work until they die after their generation will work for them. In this situation, slaves who are escaped from their workplace because people cannot persist the working conditions. and they have transformed against the landlords as pirates and revolutionaries. Especially this happened in colonial countries. For example Saint Domingue (Haiti) French revolution.
Starts from 1791, Saint Domingue is mostly contributed to French and United Kingdom's needs of coffee, indigo, and sugar. Saint Domingue and Jamaica were most profitable colonize countries in the era, to keep the profit sustainability French and UK cordially import nearly 80,000 Africans as slavery workers. half of the deceased for malaria and severe starve. In this days leader of French Army Toussaint Louverture in 1791 turned to on behalf of slaves and gathered the people and made a revolution. This was the first beat for capitalism in 1804. (Jim Bradshaw)
Thereafter, the industrial revolution period in 1760 - 1840 labours considered man as machine and authoritarian leadership was influenced and performed in the industrial. Peoples were suffered poverty and disease, they had need money to survived. So, they essential to work more and get to pay. They would feed the entire family with a little amount of money. As a result child labours are raised in that period. People lived in the worst conditions. They lived more than two or three families in one cottage. In the same time, the working condition was horrible, such as; The workplace is fully influenced by steam engines, therefore, labours are compelled to work in a closed smoky environment, very low lighting, lack of safety precautions and labours are wanted to work more than twelve hours even with low pay. (Cynthia Stokes Brown).
The wages for men were paid 1.25 $ per day and women have received half of the men pay and child labours are even worst Botham and Hunt. (1987). Due to the low pay and work side accidents were raised. People were not want to get involve their children into work side accident. Labour unions formed and questioned and demanded by labours for wages and working hours. In 1833 UK government has passed a lawsuit to industries is no child workers under nine years. However, factory owners and coal mines were like to use the child labours, because a small place is sufficient work to and they can go into mines and collect when adults can't, even with less pay Rank, (2019). In the meantime, many of new amendments included to UK law later.
Karl Marx takes to labours in the next stage, he thought no one has the power to another one, everyone is equal. Moreover, he believes the system of labours and wages are completely unfair. This capitalist system was drastically increased affect economic equality. Because factory owners get surplus profit and they had become richest and labours are being poorer and the gap of social classes increased higher. Then he introduces the socialism concept. Ollman, (1968).
Then, Henty Ford, successfully structured the Marxism theory into the industrial world. Industrialized this mass-production system called by Fordism and wages of labours was standardized to sustain their life. Many industries are applied the Fordism. Jessop, (2016)
Ended of slavery era and workforce is called as labors, for this change we had passed centuries of harden life. As well as leadership themes. Autocratic leadership mostly applied in the industrial revolution period and before that period, They had punished and fired for the even minor misconducts.
Later in Max Weber (1864 - 1920) brings a new theory with six fundamentals of 1. Management structure 2. Division of labour 3. Selection process 4. Career orientation 5. Rules 6. Impersonality these are defined the Bureaucratic leadership. These types purely based on the rules and policy. Its also felt certain criteria need to be expanded.
After that, Bavelas,A. and Kurt Lewin (1942) did a framework has influenced many subsequent perspectives on Democratic leadership model. It gives chances to participate the employees to strategic decision making.
Based on the three models, leadership theories are developed and enhanced into the next level. Moreover, enhance models are giving proper benefits to employees. The first labour law formed in 1833 for safeguarded from child labour and working hours.
Further, the labour law is formed under the influence of collective bargaining and "labour-power." now the working peoples are respected by proper wages, safety precautions, and considered mental healthiness. Similarly, social inequality is considerably lower than previously. Trade unions and employee unions are strengthened. Employees bargaining power is high. Labour law strictly adheres the child to compulsory education.
Nowadays social inequality is only based on the working class and wealthiness of people. Working classes have classified by education and professionalism and wealthy is narrated by land, assets, money, and authority in public.
The labour standards are beyond the minimum. Most of the rights are gathered in due of collective bargaining and strikes. Such as working time, leaves, holidays, breaks and discrimination in work place and etc. Later of 19th-century capitalists were understands the importance of labour law and standardization of employees. Nowadays the labour law is customized with human rights. Each people having mutual rights live.
However, still certain inconvenience are practising in the current world, such as- Gender Imbalance, favouritism, unfair dismissals and etc..
Thank you.
References.
Bavelas, A., & Lewin, K. (1942). Training in democratic
leadership. The Journal
of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 37(1), pp,115–119. [online] available at <https://doi.org/10.1037/h0060358>.Access on 15 January 2020.
Botham, F., & Hunt, E. (1987). Wages in Britain during the
Industrial Revolution. The Economic History Review, 40(3),
new series, pp.380-399.
Bradshaw,J The Saint-Domingue Revolution. [online] available at.<https://64parishes.org/authors/jim-bradshaw>. Access on 10th January 2020.
Jones, A. (1956). Slavery in the Ancient World. The Economic
History Review, 9(2), new series, pp.185-199.
Ollman, B.(1968). American Journal Sociology. Marx's use of Class. [online] Available at. <https://www.nyu.edu/projects/ollman/docs/what_is_marxism.php>. Access on 15th January 2020.
Bibliography
Stalcup, B.(2002) The Industrial Revolution, Fossil fuel Steam power and the rise of manufacturing [online] available at <https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/acceleration/bhp-acceleration/a/the-industrial-revolution>.Access on 14 January 2020.
Jessop, B. Fordism [Online] Available at. <https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fordism.>. Access on 14th January 2020.
The Industrial Revolution.[online] available at.<https://firstindustrialrevolution.weebly.com/working-and-living-conditions.html>.Access on 15th January 2020.
Dighe, R. Child labour during the British Industrial Revolution [online]. available at.<https://eh.net/encyclopedia/child-labor-during-the-british-industrial-revolution/> Access on 15th January 2020.
Well. I agree with your points. It is notable that laws and Human Rights are evolved time to time. Labour laws are arose to protect the rights of employees.
ReplyDeleteHowever still in Sri Lanka tea estate workers are struggling with a low pay. They are unable to afford their cost of living with this very low payment.
They have won RS 1000.00 per day wage after several strikes and protests made but still it is in word of mouth.
As far as I am concerned those estate workers are still in Saint Domingue Period.
How can you say that nowadays labour laws are protected with Human Rights??
You're right, most cases Trade unions and labour unions are highly influenced by politicians in Sri Lanka. They only seeking the estate Labour as voting machines of their favour.
DeleteHowever, this nasty politicians were fixed the national minimum amount as daily wages. So, human rights or labour laws were not interfered into this case.
Further, several factors are playing in estate labour. Such as; Price and demand of export tea, higher competition in world market for Bangladesh tea and etc..
Yes, but also sexual harassment, retaliation, racial discrimination, disability discrimination and harassment, pregnancy discrimination, sexual orientation discrimination, denial of medical leave and religious discrimination are major challenges in nowadays.In my point of view Identifying and safeguarding employee rights reduces the possibility of the company becoming entangled in charges of discrimination, lengthy litigation and costly settlements
ReplyDeleteRunning a business means keeping abreast of the current legal landscape and ensuring that your activities comply with the rules. Labor and labor regulations are among the easiest to break, but not following them can also be quite expensive.
ReplyDelete